Chapter 11 & 12

a) Gene locus & disulfide bridge

The disulfide bond is a strong covalent bond that is important in linking polypeptide chains in proteins that form during the tertiary structure of protein synthesis. A gene locus is the DNA site of a gene, and a certain part of it could be called an allele which codes for certain traits. The disulfide bond holds together the chromosome that is composed of DNA.

b) Nondisjunction & 9-triplet pattern

The nondisjunction is a failure of sister chromatids to move apart in meiosis or mitosis, therefore resulting in daughter cells getting too little or too many chromosomes. The nine triplet pattern is the organization and structure of microtubules in cells, therefore when the sister chromatids fail to separate in this process, it is called a nondisjunction.

c) Autosome & Steroid

Autosome is of a sexually reproducing species, any chromosome of a type that is the same in both males and females. A steroid is a class of organic compounds that can have functions ranging from fat cholesterol in order to be like hormones. The two are similar for they function similarly.

d) Polygenic & Glycocalyx

Polygenic is the term that means of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once. Glycocalyx is a general term referring to extracellular polymeric material that is produced by some bacteria. Therefore, polygenic can contribute to traits such as glycocalyx because an example of glycocalyx is the slime on fish, which is the outer cells of fish.

a.

- Mendal’s law of segregation:

In Mendal’s law of segregation mendal explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring through gene transmission. He said that genes that consists of DNA are located on the chromosomes. The DNA is passed from parents to their offspring by reproduced. His four main concept was that organisms could inherit two alleles for each trait, a gene can have more than one form, when meiosis occurs and gametes are produced, allele pairs separate which leaves each cell with a single trait, and when two alleles of a pair are different, one becomes dominant and the other recessive.

-Mendal’s law of independent assortment:

Mendal’s law of independent assortment says that allel pairs separate by themselves s (independently) while they are forming gametes. Therefore, the traits are transferred to the offspring independently of one another.